First+Aid

= = __**Action Plan**__ D anger - yourself, casualty, bystander R esponse S end for help - 111
 * __First Aid in Emergency Situations__**

A irways - Head tilt / Chin lift B reathing - look. listen / feel C irculation - look for signs of D efibrillator B leeding S hock



Rest Ice Compression Elevation

Plastic bags Gloves Sanitisor Face barrier shield Slings Scissors Antiseptic wipes Cling film
 * __First aid kit__**

__What may make you go unconscious!__ Heat Electricity Allergic reaction - drugs, medicines, insects Ruptures Trauma Bleeding Epilepsy Anaphyllaxis Temperature change Shock / Seizures

Fainting = pulse slow / skin pale / sweating Shock =

__**What causes shock?**__ Cardiogenic Hypovolemic- Vomitting / diarrhea Septic - Blood poisoning Burns Neurogenic - spinal column

Stop Raise legs Nil by mouth Reassurance!

__What to do for **Bleeding**__ Stop flow of blood - (10 minutes on / 10 seconds off) : pressure - add padding / hold / add more padding if need to Elevation Brachial / Femoral (Groin) pressure points pressure

__How to tell **Concussion / Compression**__ Sleepy Feeling sick Dizzy Disorientated / confused Vomititng Sweating Blurred vision || Bleeding from ears Dilated pupils or different size Dark eyes Breathing Fluid from nose Confusion Swelling behind ears ||
 * || More serious! ||
 * Headache

__What to do ...__ If want to sleep - wake them up and ask question every 5 minutes. Monitor for 24 hours. Build evidence from bystanders.

Nose bleed
 * 1) lean forward
 * 2) Compression on soft tissue at top of nose

Teeth
 * 1) Put in milk (or own saliva)
 * 2) Or put back in same hole in mouth?

All other limbs etc
 * 1) Icepack

__**Bones**__

__**Strains** (ligaments and tissues) **and sprains** (between joints) **and dislocations**__ P revention R est I ce (20 mins) C ompression - Start bandage at the point furthest from the heart (Check not too tight) E levation - above the level of your heart D iagnosis - Doctor (Should ahve seen some improvement after 48 hours - otherwise get it checked)

C ool - 20 mins (Chemical burns - up to 1 hour) - running liquid if possible C lear C over - cling film is good for this
 * __Burns__**

Lethargic Aggressive Confused Trembles Unconscious || 111 || Sugar || Breathing || 111 || Nasal Spray Asprin || Unwell High pitched Can't put chin on chest Rash || 111 || Don't share utensils and drink bottles || __**Cardio Pulonary Resusitation**__ __**(Heart) (Lung)**__ Adult - 8+ years Child - 1-8 years Infant - 0-1 years
 * || **Signs** || **Manage** || **Equipment** ||
 * **Diabetic** || Shakes
 * ** Heart / Chest pain ** || Pain in left arm
 * **Stroke** || Headache || 111 ||  ||
 * **Menninmoccal** || Fever

Centre of chest Push down 5cm 100 per minute

'Another one bites the dust' or 'Stating alive' are songs at a good speed to do compressions to. Adults - 30 compressions (2 hands ... straight arms and reasonably quick) ... then tip head back 2 breaths Child - 5 breaths, then 30 compressions (1 hand), then 2 breaths Infant - 5 puffs (tilt back only a little bit, mouth over nose and mouth), then 30 compressions (2 fingers), then 2 puffs

D anger R esponse S end for help A irway B reathing C irculation D efibulation B leeding S hock

(The younger they are the quicker the colour will change) Adult - 5 thumps on back, check, then 5 chest pushes/compressions Child - 5 cupped hand thumps on back, then 5 chest compressions Infant - Pick up and put over shoulder (look for breathing in tummy)
 * Choking**

When breathing on their own, put in the recovery position. Keep checking however as may not have solved the problem

__**Further information:**__ Zoll.co.nz Firstaidtosurvive.co.nz